Figure 4. Electron Density and Local Environment of Azithromyci A ; Stereo view of both azithromycin molecules together with their 2Fo Fc electron density map, calculated omitting azithromycin and contoured at 1.5 . B ; Stereo view of the local environment around the two azithromycin molecules. Labeling is the same as in Figure 2. C ; Two-dimensional sketch of interactions between the two azithromycin molecules, 23S rRNA, and the ribosomal proteins L4 and L22. Nucleotides or amino acids contributing to hydrophobic interactions are indicated; those contributing to hydrogen bonds or electrostatic interactions are represented by their structures. Organic part B 1. Chemical processes related to the pharmacological action of drugs. Drugs and receptors. Drug metabolism B 2. Stereochemical basis of drug action. B 3. General anaesthetics B 4. Sedative-hypnotics 1. a. alcohols b. aldehydes c. urethanes d. ureides Drugs used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism.
Arthritis: Osteoarthritis commonly affects the hip and is often felt in the front of the thigh as well as in the area of the hip joint. It is the most common cause of hip pain in patients over 50 years of age. Fairly steady pain on activity becomes more severe as the disease advances, and a limp may develop. Pain is worse on internal rotation and extension of the hip, and the range of hip motion becomes reduced. Fracture of the neck of the femur: This most commonly results from a fall in an elderly woman. In people with osteoporosis, a hip fracture can result from everyday activities. If a hip fracture is suspected e.g., if you have fallen or injured your hip, if the hip is misshapen, badly bruised, or bleeding, or if you are unable to move your hip or bear any weight ; you urgently need medical evaluation. Less than half of those with hip fractures return to their former level of activity. In the days or weeks following a hip fracture, mobility is reduced and the patient is at risk of complications such as pneumonia and leg thrombosis and pulmonary embolism. Trochanteric bursitis: This is inflammation of the bursa that sits outside the hip joint. Characteristically, pain from this condition occurs on getting up from a chair. Activities such as walking, climbing stairs and driving can also cause pain. Referred pain: Pain arising in the lower back can cause pain in the hip area, e.g., from sciatica. Chronic Tendinitis: As with tendinitis inflammation of a tendon ; in other joints, chronic overuse of the hip can cause pain from tendinitis. Chronic tendonitis may develop gradually with increasing activity intolerance in a setting of relative overuse. There may be local swelling, loss of flexibility during passive stretch, and pain and weakness during muscle contraction against resistance. In iliopsoas tendonitis "snapping hip" ; , a "snap" or "clunk" may be heard over the tendon at the hip flexor crease as the hip moves from flexion to extension. Stress fractures: These can occur in athletes such as distance runners, jumpers, ballet and aerobic dancers, and triathletes who undergo high levels of training. Stress fractures can also be secondary to steroid therapy, or deficiencies of calcium, vitamin D, or estrogen postmenopausal, athletic amenorrhea ; . Femoral and azulfidine!